Super HN

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241. My 1981 adventure game is now a multimedia extravaganza
242. Exploiting Starlink Leo for PNT
Signal structure and ephemeris and timing error correction. Finding alternative positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) technologies to GNSS is more pressing than ever. ZAHER (ZAK) M. KASSAS, SHARBEL KOZHAYA, JOE SAROUFIM, THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY In February 2020, President Trump issued an Execut
243. A Brief History of Sega Enterprises
Sega does what Nintendon't
244. Email is tough: Major European Payment Processor's Emails aren't RFC-Compliant
Viva.com, one of Europe's largest payment processors, sends verification emails without a Message-ID header — a requirement of RFC 5322 since 2008. Google Workspace rejects them outright. Their support team's response to my detailed bug report: your account has a verified email, so there's no problem.
245. How the sound of sport is being reimagined for deaf fans
New technologies tested at the Deaflympics in Tokyo are creating new ways of experience the atmosphere at sporting events.
246. Recoverable and Irrecoverable Decisions
247. Making a font with ligatures to display thirteenth-century monk numerals
248. Oh, good: Discord's age verification rollout has ties to Palantir co-founder
Discord is "experimenting" with an age authentication vendor whose major investors include Thiel's Founders Fund.
249. OpenAI has deleted the word 'safely' from its mission
OpenAI’s restructuring may serve as a test case for how society oversees the work of organizations with the potential to both provide benefits and harm humanity.
250. Apache Arrow is 10 years old
The Apache Arrow project was officially established and had its first git commit on February 5th 2016, and we are therefore enthusiastic to announce its 10-year anniversary! Looking back over these 10 years, the project has developed in many unforeseen ways and we believe to have delivered on our objective of providing agnostic, efficient, durable standards for the exchange of columnar data. How it started From the start, Arrow has been a joint effort between practitioners of various horizons looking to build common grounds to efficiently exchange columnar data between different libraries and systems. In this blog post, Julien Le Dem recalls how some of the founders of the Apache Parquet project participated in the early days of the Arrow design phase. The idea of Arrow as an in-memory format was meant to address the other half of the interoperability problem, the natural complement to Parquet as a persistent storage format. Apache Arrow 0.1.0 The first Arrow release, numbered 0.1.0, was tagged on October 7th 2016. It already featured the main data types that are still the bread-and-butter of most Arrow datasets, as evidenced in this Flatbuffers declaration: /// ---------------------------------------------------------------------- /// Top-level Type value, enabling extensible type-specific metadata. We can /// add new logical types to Type without breaking backwards compatibility union Type { Null, Int, FloatingPoint, Binary, Utf8, Bool, Decimal, Date, Time, Timestamp, Interval, List, Struct_, Union } The release announcement made the bold claim that "the metadata and physical data representation should be fairly stable as we have spent time finalizing the details". Does that promise hold? The short answer is: yes, almost! But let us analyse that in a bit more detail: the Columnar format, for the most part, has only seen additions of new datatypes since 2016. One single breaking change occurred: Union types cannot have a top-level validity bitmap anymore. the IPC format has seen several minor evolutions of its framing and metadata format; these evolutions are encoded in the MetadataVersion field which ensures that new readers can read data produced by old writers. The single breaking change is related to the same Union validity change mentioned above. First cross-language integration tests Arrow 0.1.0 had two implementations: C++ and Java, with bindings of the former to Python. There were also no integration tests to speak of, that is, no automated assessment that the two implementations were in sync (what could go wrong?). Integration tests had to wait for November 2016 to be designed, and the first automated CI run probably occurred in December of the same year. Its results cannot be fetched anymore, so we can only assume the tests passed successfully. 🙂 From that moment, integration tests have grown to follow additions to the Arrow format, while ensuring that older data can still be read successfully. For example, the integration tests that are routinely checked against multiple implementations of Arrow have data files generated in 2019 by Arrow 0.14.1. No breaking changes... almost As mentioned above, at some point the Union type lost its top-level validity bitmap, breaking compatibility for the workloads that made use of this feature. This change was proposed back in June 2020 and enacted shortly thereafter. It elicited no controversy and doesn't seem to have caused any significant discontent among users, signaling that the feature was probably not widely used (if at all). Since then, there has been precisely zero breaking change in the Arrow Columnar and IPC formats. Apache Arrow 1.0.0 We have been extremely cautious with version numbering and waited until July 2020 before finally switching away from 0.x version numbers. This was signalling to the world that Arrow had reached its "adult phase" of making formal compatibility promises, and that the Arrow formats were ready for wide consumption amongst the data ecosystem. Apache Arrow, today Describing the breadth of the Arrow ecosystem today would take a full-fledged article of its own, or perhaps even multiple Wikipedia pages. Our "powered by" page can give a small taste. As for the Arrow project, we will merely refer you to our official documentation: The various specifications that cater to multiple aspects of sharing Arrow data, such as in-process zero-copy sharing between producers and consumers that know nothing about each other, or executing database queries that efficiently return their results in the Arrow format. The implementation status page that lists the implementations developed officially under the Apache Arrow umbrella (native software libraries for C, C++, C#, Go, Java, JavaScript, Julia, MATLAB, Python, R, Ruby, and Rust). But keep in mind that multiple third-party implementations exist in non-Apache projects, either open source or proprietary. However, that is only a small part of the landscape. The Arrow project hosts several official subprojects, such as ADBC and nanoarrow. A notable success story is Apache DataFusion, which began as an Arrow subproject and later graduated to become an independent top-level project in the Apache Software Foundation, reflecting the maturity and impact of the technology. Beyond these subprojects, many third-party efforts have adopted the Arrow formats for efficient interoperability. GeoArrow is an impressive example of how building on top of existing Arrow formats and implementations can enable groundbreaking efficiency improvements in a very non-trivial problem space. It should also be noted that Arrow, as an in-memory columnar format, is often used hand in hand with Parquet for persistent storage; as a matter of fact, most official Parquet implementations are nowadays being developed within Arrow repositories (C++, Rust, Go). Tomorrow The Apache Arrow community is primarily driven by consensus, and the project does not have a formal roadmap. We will continue to welcome everyone who wishes to participate constructively. While the specifications are stable, they still welcome additions to cater for new use cases, as they have done in the past. The Arrow implementations are actively maintained, gaining new features, bug fixes, and performance improvements. We encourage people to contribute to their implementation of choice, and to engage with us and the community. Now and going forward, a large amount of Arrow-related progress is happening in the broader ecosystem of third-party tools and libraries. It is no longer possible for us to keep track of all the work being done in those areas, but we are proud to see that they are building on the same stable foundations that have been laid 10 years ago.
251. OpenAI Acquires OpenClaw
252. Fixing retail with land value capture
253. Inner-Platform Effect
254. C# implementation of state machine declared using fluent syntax
A state machine declared using a fluent syntax, that has a functional usage - pass in state and a trigger, returns new state and commands. - leeoades/FunctionalStateMachine
255. AWS Adds support for nested virtualization
AWS SDK for the Go programming language. . Contribute to aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 development by creating an account on GitHub.
256. Age of Empires: 25 years of pathfinding problems with C++ [video]
25+ years of pathfinding problems with C++ - Raymi Klingers - Meeting C++ 2025Slides: https://slides.meetingcpp.comRaymi Klingers talks about how pathfinding...
257. Defer Available in GCC and Clang
About a year ago I posted about defer and that it would be available for everyone using gcc and/or clang soon. So it is probably time for an update. Two things have happened in the mean time: A technical specification (TS 25755) edited by JeanHeyd Meneide is now complete and moves through ISO's complicated publication…
258. The Sweet Lesson of Neuroscience
Scientists once hoped that studying the brain would teach us how to build AI. Now, one AI researcher may have something to teach us about the brain.
259. Gamma Function: Visualization for Complex Arguments
Complex Gamma Function Graph: Automatically visualize and animate the gamma function for complex arguments.
260. Use Microsoft Office Shortcuts in Libre Office
Microsoft Office Shortcut keys for Libre Office to make it feel more familiar - Zaki101Aslam/MS-office-shortcuts-for-Libre-Office
261. A Beginner's Guide to Split Keyboards
Come to the dark side, we have keyboard shaped cookies.
262. When Germany Seized the Future: Lessons from CAD for the AI Era
263. Show HN: A reputation index from mitchellh's Vouch trust files
A static view of cross-repo reputation from VOUCHED.td files.
264. Lifetime Lead Exposure Can Triple Alzheimer's Risk
265. iOS 27 'Rave' Update to Clean Up Code, Could Boost Battery Life
Apple's iOS 27 update will prioritize cleaning up the operating system's internals, with engineers making changes that could result in better battery life, according to Bloomberg's Mark Gurman. The effort is said to be similar to what Apple did with its Snow Leopard Mac update years ago, and will involve removing old code, rewriting existing features, and subtly upgrading apps to improve performance. The result should hopefully be a "snappier, more responsive" OS, says Gurman.
266. Shut Up: Comment Blocker
267. 65 Lines of Markdown, a Claude Code Sensation
AI hype trains
268. The heavy reality of Venezuela's oil
Why Venezuela’s massive oil reserves are difficult to extract.
269. ai;dr
270. Western Digital sells out 2026 HDD capacity as AI demand pushes prices higher
Western Digital has sold out its HDD production capacity for 2026, thanks to major agreements with cloud companies and hyperscalers. The rapid growth